Fountain
1917
Duchamp submitted a porcelain urinal signed R. Mutt to an exhibition he was helping to judge, and the committee rejected it.
★ 9.5
Browse by time · decade
1910s
1910 – 1919
Showing 315 works across all media from the 1910s
The Rite of Spring
1913
Noise from the 1913 premiere audience drowned out the orchestra, so Nijinsky stood in the wings shouting the counts at his dancers.
★ 9.3
The Trial
1915 · 276 pages
Josef K. is arrested one morning, never told the charge, and ruined by his own efforts to clear himself. Kafka made faceless authority funny, and gave the century its word for dread.
★ 9.2
The Metamorphosis
1915 · 128 pages
Gregor Samsa wakes as an enormous insect and worries first about missing his train. The horror turns domestic fast, and his family decides the son who supported them is now a burden.
★ 9.0
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
1916 · 329 pages
Stephen Dedalus grows from a small boy into a young man set on leaving Ireland to make art. The prose matures sentence by sentence with him, from baby talk to fierce argument.
★ 8.7
Black Square
1915 · Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Malevich hung it high in the corner where a Russian house keeps its icons, and called it the zero of form.
★ 8.5
Mystery and Melancholy of a Street
1914 · Private collection
A girl rolls a hoop down an arcaded street toward a shadow coming around the corner, in light that belongs to no hour.
★ 8.3
The Dream
1910 · Museum of Modern Art, New York City
Rousseau painted this in the last year of his life and explained that the woman on the sofa is dreaming herself into the jungle.
★ 8.3
Composition VII
1913 · Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Kandinsky made more than thirty studies for this and then painted the four-meter canvas in three days, apocalypse dissolved past recognition.
★ 8.1
Nude Descending a Staircase
1912 · Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
A critic at the 1913 Armory Show called it an explosion in a shingle factory, and the insult followed the painting around America.
★ 8.0
The Song of Love
1914 · Museum of Modern Art, New York City
A marble head, a red rubber glove and a green ball hang together on a wall, and a train goes by in the distance.
★ 7.8
Maple Leaf RagScott Joplin
Maple Leaf Rag
1916
Stark's first run of 400 copies took a year to sell; Joplin was cutting it to piano roll in 1916.
★ 7.8
My Antonia
1918 · 166 pages
Jim Burden arrives orphaned in Nebraska and finds Antonia Shimerda, an immigrant girl whose family is barely surviving the winter. Cather writes the prairie so well the book reads like your own childhood.
★ 7.2
I and the Village
1911 · Museum of Modern Art, New York City
A green-faced peasant and a cow look at each other, and the houses behind them are upside down. Chagall grew up in Vitebsk.
★ 7.2
The Night
1919 · Kunstsammlung, Dusseldorf
A family is tortured in a room too small for it, painted in Germany in 1919 with the war and the revolution just finished.
★ 7.2
The Autumn of the Middle Ages
1919 · 490 pages
Late medieval France and the Netherlands ran on public weeping, elaborate tournaments, and constant awareness of death. Huizinga paints this as no Renaissance dawn but a culture worn out by its own forms.
★ 7.2
Blue Horse I
1911 · Stadtische Galerie, Munich
Marc gave his animals symbolic colors, blue for the spiritual, and looked to them for an innocence he thought people had lost.
★ 7.1
Suprematist Composition
1916 · Private collection
Colored bars drift at diagonals across a white void with no ground under them, which Malevich meant as pure feeling and nothing else.
★ 7.1
The City
1919 · Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
Billboards, scaffolding and stairways in flat primary color, with people reduced to bright interchangeable parts. Léger loved machines and made no secret of it.
★ 7.1
Kokoro
1914 · 248 pages
Modern Japanese literature turns on this book. A student attaches himself to a withdrawn man he calls Sensei, and the letter that finally explains him confesses a betrayal that has never healed.
★ 7.0
The Good Soldier
1915 · 256 pages
This is the saddest story I have ever heard, an American begins, then tells it out of order, circling two couples whose friendship at a German spa hid adultery, debt, and ruin.
★ 7.0
Eminent Victorians
1918 · 288 pages
Four Victorian idols go under Strachey's scalpel: Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, the headmaster Thomas Arnold, and General Gordon at Khartoum. The malice is so elegant that English biography never went back to reverence.
★ 7.0
Howards End
1910 · 246 pages
Two families and one house. Forster sets the cultured Schlegel sisters against the money-making Wilcoxes, drags a poor clerk into the collision, and makes the question of who inherits England literal.
★ 7.0
The Rainbow
1915 · 528 pages
Three generations of one Nottinghamshire family, and Lawrence writes their marriages from inside the body: what draws two people together, what turns cold, and what the granddaughter Ursula cannot find.
★ 7.0
Ethan Frome
1911 · 77 pages
Snowbound on a failing Massachusetts farm, Ethan Frome works beside a wife who is perpetually ill and the young cousin he has fallen for. Wharton makes poverty and duty feel like weather.
★ 7.0
The Secret Garden
1911 · 368 pages
Orphaned by cholera in India, a sour, unloved child arrives on the Yorkshire moors and finds the key to a walled garden that brings her and her bedridden cousin back to life.
★ 6.9
Red Nude
1917 · Private collection
The police shut down Modigliani's only solo show for indecency, and this was among the nudes that did it.
★ 6.8
The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life
1912 · 416 pages
Religion is society worshiping itself. Durkheim builds the case from Australian Aboriginal totemism: a clan gathers, works itself into collective frenzy, feels a force greater than any member, and calls it a god.
★ 6.8
Black Lines
1913 · Guggenheim, New York City
Black skeins and floating patches of color with nothing recognizable in it at all. Kandinsky thought painting could work on you like music.
★ 6.7
1916
The Vocation Lectures
1919 · 100 pages
Weber told students in a collapsing Germany what science and politics demand: science can give you clarity but never choose your values, and politics is the slow boring of hard boards.
★ 6.7
O Pioneers!
1913 · 122 pages
Alexandra Bergson inherits her father's failing Nebraska claim and mortgages it to buy more land while the neighbors give up and leave. Cather made the American prairie a landscape fit for epic.
★ 6.7
Hadji Murat
1912 · 144 pages
Hadji Murat quits the rebel imam Shamil for the Russians, hoping to free his captive family, and both sides use him. The critic Harold Bloom ranked it the best story in the world.
★ 6.6
Of Human Bondage
1915 · 628 pages
Orphaned and clubfooted, Philip Carey tries Germany, Paris, painting, and medicine, then wrecks himself on a waitress who despises him. Nobody has written the humiliation of unreturned love more exactly.
★ 6.6
The Education of Henry Adams
1918 · 560 pages
Adams writes his own life as another man's, grandson and great-grandson of presidents, educated for a world that vanished. A Paris dynamo strikes him with the force medieval pilgrims felt from the Virgin.
★ 6.6
Winesburg, Ohio
1919 · 153 pages
Twenty-two linked stories about people in an Ohio town who cannot say what they feel, except to the young reporter George Willard. Faulkner called Anderson the father of his generation of American writers.
★ 6.6
Intolerance
Directed by D. W. Griffith
1916
Nothing in 1916 looked remotely like this: Griffith cuts between four eras at once, and his Babylon set was so enormous it was left standing in Hollywood for years afterward.
★ 6.6
Yellow Cow
1911 · Guggenheim, New York City
Marc used yellow for whatever was gentle and joyful, and this cow is kicking its legs out across the hills for the pleasure of it.
★ 6.5
Man with a Guitar
1913 · Museum of Modern Art, New York City
A curve of the guitar, some stenciled letters, and otherwise a lattice of brown and grey. Braque and Picasso developed this together, canvas by canvas.
★ 6.5
Death and Life
1916 · Leopold Museum, Vienna
Death stands at the left in a patterned robe holding a club, watching a heap of sleeping people who have not noticed him.
★ 6.5
LHOOQ
1919 · Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia
Duchamp bought a postcard of the Mona Lisa, drew a moustache on it, and added five letters that make a crude joke in French.
★ 6.5
We are Making a New World
1918 · Imperial War Museum, London
Splintered stumps and shell craters under a cold sun, and Nash gave it that title on purpose, as an official British war artist.
★ 6.5
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
1910 · 96 pages
Color and line act on the soul directly, Kandinsky argues, the way music does, with nothing depicted. He handed abstract painting its justification, and a generation of European artists walked away from representation.
★ 6.5
Livery Stable Blues
1917
Barnyard imitations from clarinet, cornet and trombone, waxed for Victor in February 1917: the first jazz record commercially released.
★ 6.4
San Giorgio Maggiore at Dusk
1912 · National Museum Cardiff, Cardiff
Monet went to Venice late and found a city already doing what he had spent fifty years trying to paint.
★ 6.3
Reclining Nude
1917 · Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
African masks, Cycladic figures and Renaissance Venuses, folded into one long golden diagonal. Among the most expensive paintings ever sold.
★ 6.3
Pigeon with Peas (La Pigeon aux Petits Pois)
1911 · Stolen
Stolen from the Musée d'Art Moderne in Paris in 2010 and never recovered, so it survives here only as a photograph.
★ 6.3
Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis · 1917
The State and Revolution
1917 · 122 pages
The state is one class crushing another, so workers must smash the machine, not inherit it. Lenin wrote it weeks before seizing Russia, and communist parties from Moscow to Beijing governed by it.
★ 6.1
Violin and Candlestick
1910 · San Francisco MOMA, San Francisco
Brown and grey planes rebuild a violin into a lattice, painted while Braque and Picasso were working almost as one person.
★ 6.1
Exotic Landscape
1910 · Norton Simon Museum, Pasadena
Monkeys look out from between giant leaves in a jungle Rousseau assembled from the Paris botanical gardens, the zoo, and illustrated books.
★ 6.1
Morning in the Village After Snowstorm
1912 · Guggenheim, New York City
Peasants and houses rendered as polished metal cylinders. Malevich was three years away from painting a black square and stopping.
★ 6.1
Paris Through the Window
1913 · Guggenheim, New York City
A train crosses the sky upside down, a man drifts past on a parachute, and the cat on the sill has a human face.
★ 6.1
The Innocence of Father Brown
1911 · 172 pages
A dumpy Catholic priest with an umbrella solves crimes by imagining himself into the criminal until he could have done it. Chesterton answered Sherlock Holmes with conscience rather than forensics.
★ 6.1
Selected Poems
1918 · 320 pages
Under the Mirabeau Bridge the Seine runs on and the love does not. Apollinaire brought the machine age and the trenches into French verse, and coined the word that named surrealism.
★ 5.7
Psychology of the Unconscious
1912 · 566 pages
Jung reads the daydreams of an American woman he never met against myth and religion from every culture, finding the deepest material in a mind is inherited, not personal. It cost him Freud.
★ 5.7
The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists
1914 · 624 pages
The philanthropists of the title are house painters who give their labor away and defend the system that ruins them. Owen, the socialist, cuts up bread to demonstrate the money trick.
★ 5.7
Artillerymen (Kirchner)
1915 · Guggenheim, New York City
Naked conscripts showering in a barracks under a mounted officer, painted after the army service that broke Kirchner down.
★ 5.7
The Virgin
1913 · Narodni Galerie, Prague
Sleeping women tangled into a whirlpool of pattern and flowers, one of them at the center just about to wake up.
★ 5.7
Portrait of Jean Cocteau
1917 · Private collection
Cocteau sits stiffly upright with his neck drawn long, one of the sharpest personalities in Paris turned into an elegant mask.
★ 5.4