Browse by time · decade
1840s
1840 – 1849
Showing 240 works across all media from the 1840s
The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
The Communist Manifesto · 1848
Wuthering Heights
1847 · 353 pages
Heathcliff, a foundling on a Yorkshire farm, spends his life destroying two families over the girl he loves. The poet Rossetti called it a fiend of a book, its action laid in hell.
★ 8.8
Jane Eyre
1847 · 284 pages
English fiction found its first fierce female voice in Jane, plain and poor and conceding nothing. She survives a brutal charity school, becomes a governess, and loves an employer with a secret.
★ 8.8
The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class.
The Communist Manifesto · 1848
Democracy in America
1840 · 722 pages
No foreigner has ever read America this well. Touring the young republic in 1831, Tocqueville found equality rather than liberty the engine of the place, and warned that majority opinion smothers free minds.
★ 8.6
Nocturnes
1846
Chopin rarely played in public, preferring drawing rooms of a few dozen people. The left hand keeps steady time while the right pulls freely against it.
★ 8.3
The Slave Ship
1840 · Museum of Fine Arts (Boston), Boston
Turner took the Zong case, where a slaver threw its human cargo overboard for the insurance money, and set it under his most beautiful sunset.
★ 8.2
Dead Souls
1842 · 432 pages
Traveling the Russian provinces, a charming stranger buys serfs who have died but still count on the tax rolls. Gogol's landowners are grotesque and hilarious, and then the laughter turns on you.
★ 8.1
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
1845 · 176 pages
Born into slavery, Douglass taught himself to read in secret, fought the slave-breaker he was hired out to, and escaped. Naming his owners in print at twenty-seven forced him out of the country.
★ 7.4
The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and the Communist Manifesto
1844 · 243 pages
You work a machine you do not own, making something you never see again, and it hollows you out. Marx calls this alienation, and the Manifesto makes it a demand for revolution.
★ 7.3
Fur Traders Descending the Missouri
1845 · Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
A trapper and his son drift downriver at first light with a chained animal at the prow, the water so still it doubles them.
★ 7.2
Vanity Fair
1848 · 951 pages
Becky Sharp leaves school with no money and claws her way through English society while her friend Amelia wastes her love on a worthless man. Thackeray spares nobody, and Becky is magnificent company.
★ 7.2
The Portable Edgar Allan Poe
1849 · 628 pages
Poe invented the detective story and perfected the tale of terror. His narrators wall people up alive, hear a heart beating under the floorboards, and watch a house split apart.
★ 7.2
Cousin Bette
1846 · 490 pages
Passed over by her rich relations, a poor spinster sets out to ruin them, helped by a wife who bankrupts men for a living. Balzac makes envy a protagonist and never looks away.
★ 7.1