skopia
The press needs no censors, Herman and Chomsky argue: ownership, advertisers, official sources and the fear of blowback filter the news first. Every argument about media bias since has had to answer them.
Hoggart set down working-class Leeds as he had lived it, then indicted the slick magazines displacing it. Seven years later he founded the Birmingham center that made popular culture an academic discipline.
Lived experience has been replaced by images of itself: in 221 numbered theses Debord argues capitalism now sells the appearance of living. Spectacle became the word critics of media reach for.
A balloon settles over forty-five blocks of Manhattan and New Yorkers read meanings into it. Barthelme's deadpan collages taught two generations of American writers that a story need not make ordinary sense.