
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God and Other Writings
Standing before a Connecticut congregation in 1741, Edwards said God holds sinners over hell as one holds a spider over a fire. The moaning grew so loud he had to pause.

Standing before a Connecticut congregation in 1741, Edwards said God holds sinners over hell as one holds a spider over a fire. The moaning grew so loud he had to pause.

Heloise wrote to Abelard, the Paris philosopher who had been her tutor and lover, years after her uncle's men castrated him. From her abbey she refused to call their love a sin.

The earliest surviving English book by a woman came from an anchoress sealed into a cell beside a Norwich church. Julian saw all creation lying in her palm, small as a hazelnut.

Niebuhr's argument: an individual can rise above self-interest and a nation cannot, so justice comes from power balanced against power. Cold War strategists and Martin Luther King alike thought in his terms.

Erasmus said the will helps choose salvation. Luther answered that it is a beast ridden by God or Satan, never choosing its rider. Protestants have argued about grace on his terms ever since.

Calvin set all of Protestant belief in order: who God is, what humanity became, and how grace arrives unearned to those God has chosen. Reformed churches have run on this book ever since.

Aquinas asks thousands of questions about God, law, virtue, and sin, and answers each only after stating the strongest case against himself. Catholic thought has been arguing with him for 750 years.

Rome fell to the Goths in 410 and pagans blamed the Christians. Augustine answers by sorting all history into two cities, one built on love of God and one on love of self.