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The Books canon
Sourced and shelved.
Every book chosen by hand and annotated for why it matters.
Browse all 1,178 books or filter by subject, era, place, and author.
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Philosophy
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Essays
Michel de Montaigne
1580
★ 9.3
The Stranger
Albert Camus
1942
★ 8.9
The Republic
Plato
380 BC
★ 8.8
Critique of Pure Reason
Immanuel Kant
1781
★ 8.8
The Second Sex
Simone de Beauvoir
1949
★ 8.7
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Friedrich Nietzsche
1891
★ 8.5
Being and Time
Martin Heidegger
1927
★ 8.5
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Thomas Kuhn
1962
★ 8.3
A Theory of Justice
John Rawls
1971
★ 8.3
The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
1776
★ 8.2
Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes
1651
★ 8.2
The Phenomenology of Spirit
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
1807
★ 8.2
On Liberty
John Stuart Mill
1859
★ 8.2
Candide
Voltaire
1759
★ 8.2
Beyond Good and Evil
Friedrich Nietzsche
1886
★ 8.2
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Ludwig Wittgenstein
1922
★ 8.2
Walden
Henry David Thoreau
1854
★ 8.2
Discipline and Punish
Michel Foucault
1975
★ 7.8
The Metaphysics
Aristotle
350 BC
★ 7.6
On the Nature of Things
Lucretius
55 BC
★ 7.6
The Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle
350 BC
★ 7.6
The Bhagavad Gita
Author unknown
150 BC
★ 7.6
The Complete Writings
Zhuang Zhou
300 BC
★ 7.5
Discourses
Epictetus
108
★ 7.5
Meditations
Marcus Aurelius
180
★ 7.5
Critique of Judgment
Immanuel Kant
1790
★ 7.5
The Last Days of Socrates (includes Apology)
Plato
399 BC
★ 7.5
The Art of Rhetoric
Aristotle
350 BC
★ 7.5
Meditations on First Philosophy
Rene Descartes
1641
★ 7.5
The City of God
Saint Augustine
426
★ 7.5
Mahabharata
Vyasa
and
Carole Satyamurti
400 BC
★ 7.5
The Consolation of Philosophy
Boethius
524
★ 7.4
Summa Theologica
Thomas Aquinas
1274
★ 7.4
Pensees
Blaise Pascal
1669
★ 7.4
The Upanishads
Author unknown
500 BC
★ 7.4
The New Organon
Francis Bacon
1620
★ 7.4
Two Treatises of Government
John Locke
1689
★ 7.4
A Treatise of Human Nature
David Hume
1740
★ 7.4
Ethics
Baruch Spinoza
1667
★ 7.4
On the Social Contract
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1762
★ 7.3
Utopia
Thomas More
1516
★ 7.3
The Enneads
Plotinus
270
★ 7.3
Mencius
Mencius
300 BC
★ 7.3
On the Genealogy of Morals
Friedrich Nietzsche
1887
★ 7.3
Emile, Or On Education
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1762
★ 7.2
The Handbook (The Encheiridion)
Epictetus
125
★ 7.2
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
David Hume
1779
★ 7.2
The Myth of Sisyphus
Albert Camus
1942
★ 7.2
Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
1755
★ 7.2
The Anatomy of Melancholy
Robert Burton
1638
★ 7.2
Critique of Practical Reason
Immanuel Kant
1788
★ 7.1
Illuminations
Walter Benjamin
1955
★ 7.1
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
John Locke
1690
★ 7.1
In Praise of Shadows
Junichiro Tanizaki
1933
★ 7.1
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
Immanuel Kant
1785
★ 7.1
Fear and Trembling
Soren Kierkegaard
1843
★ 7.1
The World as Will and Representation
Arthur Schopenhauer
1859
★ 7.1
Discourse on Method
Rene Descartes
1637
★ 7.1
Letters from a Stoic
Seneca
60
★ 7.0
Hojoki
Kamo no Chomei
1212
★ 7.0
Either/Or
Soren Kierkegaard
1843
★ 7.0
The Birth of Tragedy
Friedrich Nietzsche
1872
★ 7.0
Man's Search for Meaning
Viktor Frankl
1946
★ 6.9
Early Greek Philosophy
Various and
Jonathan Barnes
500 BC
★ 6.9
Civilization and Its Discontents
Sigmund Freud
1929
★ 6.9
The Road to Serfdom
Friedrich Hayek
1944
★ 6.9
Dialectic of Enlightenment
Theodor Adorno
and
Max Horkheimer
1944
★ 6.9
The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
Diogenes Laertius
225
★ 6.9
The Art of Happiness (All Writings)
Epicurus
270 BC
★ 6.9
The Sickness Unto Death
Soren Kierkegaard
1849
★ 6.8
One-Dimensional Man
Herbert Marcuse
1964
★ 6.8
Minima Moralia
Theodor Adorno
1951
★ 6.8
The Theory of Moral Sentiments
Adam Smith
1759
★ 6.8
Anti-Oedipus
Gilles Deleuze
and
Felix Guattari
1972
★ 6.7
A Secular Age
Charles Taylor
2007
★ 6.7
The Tibetan Book of the Dead
Author unknown
1386
★ 6.7
Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World
Rene Girard
1978
★ 6.7
Tao Te Ching
Lao Tzu
400 BC
★ 6.7
The Analects
Confucius
221 BC
★ 6.7
The Muqaddimah
Ibn Khaldun
1377
★ 6.7
The Symposium
Plato
380 BC
★ 6.7
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
David Hume
1748
★ 6.7
Pragmatism and Other Writings
William James
1907
★ 6.6
The Cost of Discipleship
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
1937
★ 6.6
The Postmodern Condition
Jean-Francois Lyotard
1979
★ 6.6
The Poetics of Space
Gaston Bachelard
1957
★ 6.6
The Book of the City of Ladies
Christine de Pizan
1405
★ 6.5
Revelations of Divine Love
Julian of Norwich
1395
★ 6.5
Gravity and Grace
Simone Weil
1943
★ 6.5
The Letters of Abelard and Heloise
Pierre Abelard
and
Heloise
1135
★ 6.5
The Society of the Spectacle
Guy Debord
1967
★ 6.5
Camera Lucida
Roland Barthes
1980
★ 6.5
The New Science
Giambattista Vico
1725
★ 6.4
Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues
George Berkeley
1710
★ 6.3
Discourse on Metaphysics
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1686
★ 6.3
Philosophical Essays
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
1710
★ 6.3
The Passions of the Soul
Rene Descartes
1649
★ 6.3
Cartesian Meditations
Edmund Husserl
1931
★ 6.3
On the Aesthetic Education of Man
Friedrich Schiller
1794
★ 6.2
After Virtue
Alasdair MacIntyre
1981
★ 6.2
Show 9 more of 109 (101–109)